Read and understand Guangzhou·Decryption｜The \”Three Xingzi\” has the same voice and a big house

Walking in the gate, the hut of the continent, the flower cover, the green cloud alley…

Single is a noun,

It is enough to arouse the hearts of locals

The remote and warm memory.

<img src=\"https://www.toutiao.com/a7052944004509336078/data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA When the big houses were enjoying their grace, another question appeared in the brain: Who built these ancient big houses that can be called artwork? What kind of interesting things do they have? In this way, I \"confided\" a group of craftsmen with humble identities and absolute life – the \"Three-Hand\" among the local people.

Please

Nearly thousands of \”Sanxingzi\”

Enterprise and market activities in the early morning</ When I checked the relevant historical materials of Xiguandawu, I found that there were many information about its architectural characteristics, so that in just a few days I used “Blue Brick Stone Foot” and “Three Rings”. The meaning of terms such as \"官网\" and \"官网\" is very clear. However, it is not easy to \"confirm\" the builders of these ancient houses. I buried my head in the pile of historical materials and searched for them. Finally, I found some scattered records, which made me look at the group of extraordinary craftsmen more than a hundred years ago. With a rough understanding, they are called \"Three Lives Mai\" in the mouths of old locals.

Now, let us play a small time travel game, pushing time back for more than 100 years, and you are a tea merchant in Guangzhou City. After several years of business, you have earned a lot of money, so you plan to enjoy life in the mansion in the west of Longjin and bring glory to your ancestors. Not long after, with the help of Mr. Fengshui, you bought a good land, prepared for civil engineering, and built a luxury house. You have to hire a craftsman to put on a house. This is really convenient in old Guangzhou. There are more than 1,000 building stores in all sizes in the city, all of which provide this service. If you are not afraid of spending money, then go to the \”Wen Dali on Daxin Street\” \”, Cheng Si, or Zongrong near Niu Milk Bridge (now a belt on Qingping Street), they are all famous stores in the business, and of course the prices are also high; if you want to control your budget, then find a store with a slightly smaller reputation. In fact, the quality is not much worse. You should know that at that time, there were many people in Guangzhou, and the requirements for craftsmen were also high, so the level of craftsmanship in Guangzhou was numerous in the country.One or two.

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In the old Xiguan street in the winding street, building stores are actually very easy to find. At that time, lime was used for building walls or tiles, so almost every store had a larger size. Lime pool, look in and ask, it’s OK. However, most of these building stores pursue the golden standard of \”not sucking people\”. In addition to the boss, there are two or three senior workers in the store. The owner of the building store will take on your work before hiring masons, carpenters and The stonemason (so known as \”Three Xingzi\”) will immediately disperse after the work.

They also have fixed places to find workers. At that time, the craftsmen who were to be hired would gather at some intersections and crossroads early in the morning, waiting for recruitment, so they formed a market called \”Enterprise\”. city\”. There are 5 \”enterprise markets\” in Guangzhou, namely \”Yushan City\” (now the intersection of Zhongshan Fourth Road and Wende Road), \”Taiping City\” (now the Guanghui Road), and \”Yude City\” (now the Dade Road). Jiefang Road intersection), \”Triangle City\” (in today\’s Yuexiu South, East China West), and \”City South City\” (in today\’s Hongde Road), have been around for a long time, and craftsmen from various cities and bosses who come to recruit gradually become fixed. When they were familiar with each other, they began to slowly form a group and set up a business name \”Xiao-Sou-Tang\”. The boss and the craftsmen joined together to pay for the \”enterprise fee\”, and used this money to buy a real estate, and offered a class to the transfer, calling him \”Teacher and Fu \”, the official meetings are also touched by the \”teacher\’s wife\”. So, if you want to go past the boss and go directly to the \”business market\” to find workers, it will definitely not work, because no one will accept your single job and destroy the rules in the hall.

Finishing

Mason Gao Zhuan Samsung

The game number is a shaking sound

The efficiency of the construction shop owner is still quite high. Soon the masons, bricklayers and stonemasons are all in place. The location, shape, height and height of the new house are also determined according to the \”Fengshuilongzi\” situation, and everything is ready. Wait for construction.

However, you must choose a lucky day. As soon as the auspicious day comes, the workers first insert two green bamboos in the middle of the construction site, then put a small green bamboo on it, put a black red text with \”Good luck in work\”, then set off firecrackers, and worship the gods and landlords with three animals, wine and vegetables. It\’s better to break the ground. That day, you have to have a grand banquet, ask Mr. Fengshui, the building shop owner, the worker and all the craftsmen to have a big meal and share the profits of the market. Only then will you be rewarded and you will be able to enjoy the trouble all the way.

Going to the West is the top priority for the big house in the west of the building. At that time, all the cedars were hit, and the height was sufficientTwo meters, a thick layer of asphalt is covered with the tip of the ground to prevent groundwater vapor from invading and causing the wood to wither. The trekking trail is also 1.5 meters high, and there is no intervention on three sides, commonly known as \”Sanxing Trek\”. When celebrating, three craftsmen stood in a triangle, each holding one hand, then shouted the number, lifted the chute high, and pushed the chute into the ground with force. A discerning person can see at once that this is not only a physical job, but also a technical job, so the skilled worker has always been very popular. After the work, the workers will use lime or grey (cement), mix gravels and fill the roadside. Most of the \”Western Houses\” built by wealthy people are two or three levels high. This process is particularly important. .

After the trip, you should build a wall. The large houses in Xigu are mostly made of large green bricks, which are hand-polished by a mason, and then built up with a layer of pull-on line. The verticality and horizontal taps of the walls are not allowed to be deviated, otherwise the house will be crooked when it is tied. . In addition, the interior and exterior of the large house at that time had to be carved with bricks, carved with dragon lions, ancient figures, various flowers and even concave and concave texts. These were handicrafts that masons must master. From this meaning, Excellent masons must also have certain artistic cultivation.

The image of a carpenter under the calligraphy of Pu Gua, a foreign artist in Guangzhou in the Qing Dynasty.

Decoration

Cartoon Carvings and Monkeys

Carpenters are almost artwork

When the mason was busy building the tiles, the carpenter was not careful either. The well-known \”Walking Door\”, \”Screen Wan\”, \”Mountain Window\”, \”Flower Cover\”, etc. are all from carpenters. If an excellent mason must be a master of pulling lines, then an excellent carpenter must be a master of tenons and tenons. The three doors of the Xiguan big house – low doors, trench doors and large doors. There is no iron from top to bottom. It is made of carpenters hand-made tenons. The mound windows on the walls and the tenons of the golden bells on the roof. The mouth must also be dense and practical, and there must be no flaws. Such handwriting really deserves the word \”real\” word. In addition to mastering the ability of \”Tentangle\” to see how to judge the door, a good carpenter also has to practice carving skills. The birds, dragon lions, ancient money bottles and various characters on the door windows are all carved by them. Today, when people look at Yaohua Street and the Xiguan house left by Longjin West, they will also admit from the bottom of their heart that these humble carpenters can be considered half of the artwork.

Since we have reported it to the \”Sanxingzi\”, of course we have to mention the stonemason. In addition to brick carvings and wood carvings, the \”Xiguan Dawu\” also has exquisite stone carvings. These are all skillful hands from stonemasons. However, since the 1920s and 1930s, with the increasing popularity of cement, the living space of stonemasons has been narrower and narrower. , Stone Carving Art DaySeeing the withering is a regret.

From the continent window skillfully handed by a carpenter.

The \”Three Xingzi\” who share the same voice and a big house also has a common ancestral master – Ruban. On June 13th, the common saying of the Luban Master is that the building shops in the city must burn incense and have a big banquet, and the ceremony is taught by the worshipper. Every time this comes, many women in the city come to the shops with dishes and ask for food. They believe that taking these dishes back and forth for their children can give them some wisdom and wisdom in the transfer class. If you learn good skills after adulthood, you can eat them for a long time. From this we can see that although the status of \”Sanxingzi\” at that time was humble, his life must have been bad, otherwise \”Ru Ban\’s first teacher\” would not have such influence. In fact, no matter in which era, it is a good life to learn arts, to suck money, to support yourself, to eat and sleep soundly, right?

Text/Guangzhou Daily·New Flower City Journalist: Wang Yuehua Guangzhou Daily·New Flower City Editor: Zhang Yu