The \”first shot\” of the Republic ended the history of \”undefended skies in New China\”丨Commemorating the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People\’s Militia

This year marks the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China and the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People\’s Militia. In October 1931, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission established the first comprehensive arsenal of our army, the Central Red Army Army Field Arsenal, in Xingguo, Jiangxi, which became the beginning of the party\’s leadership of the military industry. This opened a historical chapter in the arms industry and created Red troops of the People\’s Liberation Army.
Over the past 90 years, the people\’s military workers have crossed thousands of rivers and mountains, gone through hardships and obstacles, and written a rich and colorful chapter in the history of the party; over the past 90 years, generations of military workers have adhered to and inherited the spirit of the people\’s military workers, worked hard, been self-reliant, and pioneered and enterprising. , selfless dedication, and made historic contributions to the creation and defense of the People\’s Republic, the modernization of national defense and the development of national defense science and technology industry in New China, and the cause of reform and opening up and socialism with Chinese characteristics. On the occasion of the 90th anniversary of the founding of the People\’s Militia Workers, we will successively publish the \”Military Industry Past\” that is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and timeless in the struggle of the People\’s Militia Workers, and review the glorious history of the People\’s Militia Workers and the red mark left behind. .

The \”first shot\” of the Republic ended the history of \”new China\’s undefended skies\”

In the 1950s, due to the lack of effective air defense weapons, New China\’s airspace was often intruded by hostile aircraft, and the \”skylight\” of our country\’s airspace was open. At that time, our country\’s artillery manufacturing industry had just started from a poor and backward state. In the face of air threats, the development of 100mm anti-aircraft guns was imminent. At that time, the important task of development was handed over to Beizhong Group, a China Ordnance Industry Group known as \”Asia\’s largest artillery factory.\”
The 100mm anti-aircraft gun is known as the \”first gun\” of the Republic. It is composed of tens of thousands of parts and requires more than 100,000 sets of tool holders, measuring aids, test benches, etc. The trial production workload is large and the process technology is The complexity is unprecedented in the history of our country\’s firearms industry. Its successful trial production announced to the world that the history of China\’s skies being undefended and foreign fighter jets able to invade at will is gone forever!

The first batch of 100mm anti-aircraft guns developed and produced by New China participated in the 10th anniversary of the National Day military parade

Fulfill the mission and go all out

The conditions at that time were extremely difficult. The difficulties were mainly reflected in the \”five imbalances\”: imbalance of hot and cold processing, and thermal processing capabilities had not yet been formed; imbalance of material collaboration and production schedule requirements; imbalance of equipment and technology Balance, many key equipment urgently needed for production The equipment has not yet arrived; there is an imbalance between technical strength and tasks, there is a lack of some key types of work, and the technical level of workers is low; there is an imbalance between infrastructure and production requirements, civil construction is fast, and installation is slow, and the infrastructure cannot meet the production needs.
The factory must be built nearby. , it took more than half a year to produce on a trial basis. , the difficulty in completing the production of 32 100mm anti-aircraft guns was obvious.
According to the requirements of the plan, the anti-aircraft guns were the first main product to be trial-produced in the early stages of the company\’s establishment, and they were to be completed and put into production in 1960. According to the ministry\’s plan, the factory was in. Giving birth before the National Day in 1959 Produce the first batch of 100mm anti-aircraft guns. In accordance with the spirit of the ministry and bureau\’s instructions, the factory party committee proposed a plan to trial-produce the first qualified product in 1958 and ensure that the first batch of qualified products are produced before the National Day in 1959.

Most of the materials for the 100mm anti-aircraft gun are domestically produced, and there are no raw materials that fully meet the standards. Liu Jiangyang, Engineer Yi Guoxuan, Engineer Bai Siwang, and Technician Hou Zunwu took the drawings to the raw material warehouse in person and organized the materials one by one. Substitute.
Early 1959 , the first barrel of the 100mm anti-aircraft gun was successfully produced, which means that the successful production of the 100mm anti-aircraft gun is not far away.
On October 15, 1959, Premier Zhou Enlai, Chairman of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and the First Chairman of the Baotou Municipal Committee. Accompanied by Secretary Su Qianyi, he specially came to Beizhong GroupVisit the production and development of 100mm anti-aircraft guns. Premier Zhou not only asked the workers in detail about their production and living conditions, but also encouraged everyone to produce more products and produce good products.

An anti-air weapon was born

 27 components, 3316 kinds, 12033 parts, more than 100,000 sets of tool holders, measuring aids, etc. The workload is huge and the technology is complex, which was rare in China in the early days of the founding of the People\’s Republic of China.

Focusing on the central work of trial production of the main product of the 100mm anti-aircraft gun, the factory has made comprehensive preparations. Technical data, production equipment, special tooling, key materials, testing equipment, collaborative supporting equipment and key parts are prepared according to the complexity of the production process and Production cycle, screening out more than 700 types of first, second and third categoriesfiles, a trial production plan was prepared and copied into a blueprint, and the relevant leaders and engineering and technical personnel had a copy. This move effectively ensures the synchronization and coordination of product trial production.
There are always more solutions than difficulties. Each workshop has established \”part-time factories\” and research teams, and employees take the initiative to use their brains and make innovations in their spare time. During this period, 109 innovative experts and assaulters emerged. Among them, Du Hai, known as \”an advanced seed\”, innovated 20 major projects alone. He only improved the carbide knife, which increased work efficiency by 20 times. .

In 1958, the trial production of the first Type 59 100mm anti-aircraft gun officially began. In October of the same year, the first furnace of molten steel was released on the grassland. In November, the first batch of steel casting blanks was successfully poured. The successful trial production of the first 100mm anti-aircraft gun laid a solid foundation. On December 5, \”New China\’s first large-caliber anti-aircraft gun\”, which carries the sacred mission of safeguarding the national defense security of the Republic and entrusts the artillery dream of a generation of military workers, the 100mm anti-aircraft gun was tested and tested in full compliance with the design requirements, ahead of schedule. After four months of successful test firing, batch production began, becoming an important trump card in building our country\’s air defense weapon system.

P.S. The submission email for \”Weapons Knowledge\” magazine has been changed. The new email is: [email protected]

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