Analysis of the 7 subjects of the 2022 Gansu College Entrance Examination is here

The 2022 College Entrance Examination has come to an end. What are the characteristics of the National College B Examination Papers for Comprehensive Arts/Science Comprehensive and Foreign Language Subjects used by Gansu candidates? What knowledge points are mainly tested? See the analysis one by one by the famous teachers from the Middle School Affiliated to Northwest Normal University.

English

Leader of English lesson preparation team for senior high school students Li Jing

This year’s National College Entrance Examination Paper B English test questions system revolves around the fundamental mission of educating people with moral integrity, based on the talent selection requirements of colleges and universities and the general high school English curriculum standards, adhering to the principle that \”direction is the core, \”Stability is the key\” principle, combined with the actual practice of middle school English teaching and review preparation, deepening the foundation, strengthening the connection between teaching and examination, serving the \”double reduction\” work, and giving full play to the educational function and positive guiding role of the college entrance examination.

Language is the carrier of knowledge and culture, and also the expression of ways of thinking. All texts and materials in the test paper focus on the three major themes of man and self, man and society, and man and nature. The test questions are rich in content, diverse in genre, and highly relevant to the times, fully expressing the ideological and educational functions of the college entrance examination.

1. Demonstrate excellent traditional culture and enhance cultural confidence.

The grammar fill-in-the-blank introduction introduces the Chinese Tea Culture Festival established by the United Nations and a series of activities carried out to promote Chinese tea culture; it guides students to strengthen their understanding of China\’s excellent traditional culture and socialist core values ​​in an immersive way recognition and foster patriotism. The situation setting is realistic, the task requirements are in line with the candidates\’ ability level, and the content of my country\’s excellent traditional culture is naturally integrated into it. It can guide the candidates to use foreign languages ​​to understand the world, while also paying attention to inheriting and carrying forward the excellent civilization of the Chinese nation and enhancing cultural confidence.

2. Focus on core English literacy and guide all-round development.

Reading Comprehension Part A introduces information about the exhibition of Scottish painter Henry Raeburn, aiming to guide students to deepen their understanding of art and cultivate a healthy and upward aesthetic taste. Chapter B selects a text about two girls from wealthy families who went to teach in the mountains. It aims to guide students to form a concept of labor and cultivate a spirit of labor in study and life. The essay correction question selects the content that cycling is beneficial to physical health and environmental protection; it aims to guide students to improve their sports awareness and maintain physical and mental health.

3. Introduce and report scientific knowledge and develop a scientific spirit.

Reading Comprehension Part C introduces the application of high-tech drones in railway transportation and stimulates students’ interest in science; it not only allows candidates to experience the infinite fun and practical utility of science, but also Prompt candidates to think deeply about the important role that technological innovation plays in human life and development, and help guide candidates to develop scientific spirit and humanistic sentiments. Cloze introduces children\’s psychological development experiments related to hide-and-seek, stimulating students\’ interest in scientific experiments and research.

4. Develop independent thinking habits and build harmonious interpersonal relationships.Tie.

Reading Comprehension Part D selects exploratory and speculative materials on the causes and effects of the sugar tax in the UK to guide students to form the habit of independent thinking and cultivate the ability to proactively discover and solve problems. ; Choose five out of seven to select passages on how to maintain long-distance friendship, advocating harmonious interpersonal relationships of friendship, mutual help, and mutual care.

5. Strengthen the effective connection between teaching and examination and reduce \”rote learning\”.

The test paper further optimizes the test format, and the written expression setting includes reading charts and writing short essays. The writing situation set in the National Paper B is that the school English newspaper is carrying out Learning English Beyond the Classroom-themed discussion requires candidates to read a chart about students’ English learning activities and write a short essay using the findings in the chart; the test question context makes the writing form more flexible and the content more open. While strengthening the test of language expression ability, It emphasizes the examination of practical and creative abilities, and guides students to focus on analyzing specific phenomena in language and culture during the language learning process, sorting out and summarizing information, correctly judging surrounding things and different concepts from their own perspective, and creatively expressing their own opinions. and ideas.

The test questions highlight the examination of students\’ fundamentals, comprehensiveness, application and innovation. The difficulty levels of the selected texts and materials are distributed in a stepped manner, the types of questions are diverse and the combination of difficulty and difficulty is reasonable, the test points cover a wide range, and the number of questions at each difficulty level is appropriately proportioned, which can distinguish candidates with different ability levels.

Geography

Pan Jingyuan, leader of the senior high school geography lesson preparation team

This year’s college entrance examination geography test question format adheres to the establishment of The fundamental task of cultivating people with virtue is to deepen the requirements of the college entrance examination evaluation system and give full play to the functions of the college entrance examination in educating people, selecting talents and guiding teaching. It has a strong guiding role in promoting quality education and improving the education system for comprehensive cultivation of moral, intellectual, physical, artistic and labor. .

1. Understanding of the difficulty of test questions

The Examination Center of the Ministry of Education officially released the \”China College Entrance Examination Evaluation System\” in 2020. This evaluation system focuses on answering the core questions of \”why\”, \”what\” and \”how\” of each subject\’s college entrance examination. Therefore, this evaluation system is an important guide for the new college entrance examination reform, college entrance examination propositions and college entrance examination practice. After entering the new century, the college entrance examination questions have gone through three stages: initial exploration (more basic knowledge), adjustment and shaping (larger changes in difficulty), and stability and maturity (moderate difficulty). At present, the college entrance examination papers have entered the stage of deepening reform and emphasizing literacy (although the majority of teachers’ understanding of core literacy is in progress). In 2022, due to the addition of the four provinces of Shanxi, Henan, Anhui, and Jiangxi, the national Volume B has undergone some changes in terms of difficulty, gradient, and comprehensiveness on a stable basis, and the overall difficulty is increasing.

2. Understanding of the question points

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1. Care about family affairs, state affairs, and world affairs. For example, questions 4 to 6 show that Damxung County, Lhasa City relies on the local characteristic livestock breed yak in the fight against poverty, and has embarked on an industrial poverty alleviation path with regional characteristics and modern characteristics. There are many such cases around us, but long-term campus life has narrowed students\’ horizons. Thinking back to the examination of questions 1 to 3 of the 2021 National Paper B on Xinjiang long-staple cotton, we must form a consciousness: students must have good regional cognitive literacy, which can be completed with the help of textbooks. At the same time, students can also rely on their understanding of the regional natural and cultural environment to improve their understanding of regional industrial development. The formation of this kind of understanding cannot only rely on reading thousands of books and answering thousands of questions, but also listen to thousands of people\’s words and follow the footsteps as much as possible.

2. Green waters and green mountains are mountains of gold and silver. Sustainable development is an inevitable choice for mankind when facing future opportunities and challenges. To realize the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, sustainable development of the ecological environment is the prerequisite and foundation. Geography test questions in recent years have always selected cases closely related to the construction of ecological civilization and sustainable development as test materials to guide students to pay attention to ecological environmental issues and gradually cultivate the core literacy of the harmonious view of man and earth. For example, question 36 discusses Israel’s efforts to alleviate the shortage of fresh water resources through desalination. Israel has a dry climate and severe water shortages. Against this background, a large number of agricultural and sideline products are supplied to the European and even world markets, and their development methods are worthy of our full reference.

3. Ask the canal how clear it is, because there is a source of living water. For example, question 9 uses the sea and land wind on a certain day in a coastal city in my country as an example to set up a situation, which involves basic knowledge such as the judgment of common weather symbols, the judgment of wind strength, and the judgment of wind direction. In fact, this question can test students\’ grasp of the most important, basic and core thermodynamic circulation principles in high school. Another example is question 37. This question is quite difficult, with questions asked layer by layer, ultimately allowing students to analyze sea level changes in the context of climate warming. It is worth noting that the inertial thinking or fixed thinking formed by students is where \”obstacles\” or \”traps\” are often set up in the college entrance examination in recent years. The rise in sea levels caused by climate warming is an overall effect, not everywhere. In some places, the temperature may drop, but the sea level may not rise. So how can we answer such questions relatively well? It is recommended that in preparing for the exam, we should grasp the key points of study according to the curriculum standards, overcome the learning difficulties, and study the teaching materials carefully, so as to continuously improve students\’ test scores and confidence.

Physics

Liu Qin, leader of the senior high school physics lesson preparation team

This year’s National College Entrance Examination Physics Paper B test questions are in Under the background of the Double New Year, we must implement the task of cultivating moral character and cultivating people, follow the laws of physics disciplines, rely on the college entrance examination evaluation system, take core values ​​as the guide, take physics discipline literacy as the guide, base on necessary knowledge, and use innovative situations as the background to strengthen theoretical connections. In practice, strengthen the examination of key abilities.

Test structure and questionsThe format is the same as last year. The multiple-choice questions in Volume I have been adjusted from 5 to 4, and the multiple-choice questions have been adjusted from 3 to 4. The difficulty has increased compared with last year. The experimental questions are still small and electric, and the calculation questions are small and electric, but the difficulty is slightly lower than last year. The difficulty of the elective modules is balanced, and the overall difficulty is basically the same as last year. The degree of differentiation is good, reflecting the function of the college entrance examination in serving talent selection, reflecting the characteristics of smooth transition of curriculum reform, and guiding the advancement of the new high school physics curriculum reform.

1. Focus on the backbone of knowledge and highlight the basics. The test questions follow the requirements of the curriculum standards and test the necessary knowledge of the physics subject from five aspects: mechanics, electromagnetism, thermal science, optics and modern physics, highlighting the test candidates\’ ability to use basic physical laws to solve problems, promoting the improvement of the candidates\’ subject literacy, and guiding Teaching implements curriculum standard requirements.

2. Examine key abilities and enhance comprehensiveness. Some test questions require the comprehensive use of most of the knowledge in the subject to solve problems, requiring candidates to integrate knowledge and form a knowledge network and system with inherent relationships, while emphasizing the application of mathematical knowledge. Question 21 tests the comprehensive application of force, motion, momentum and energy; Question 24 tests the comprehensive application of dynamics and energy problems in electromagnetic induction; Question 25 tests the comprehensive application of force, motion, momentum and energy.

Focus on the use of images and tables to present rich information and enhance the comprehensiveness of the test questions. For example, questions 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 and 25 all test candidates to obtain information from images or tables. Build physical models, reason and demonstrate to solve problems, and test candidates\’ ability to extract and integrate information.

3. Highlight situational design and reflect life. The test questions are connected with production and life, science and technology, creating real life practice problem situations and scientific learning and exploration problem situations, and test candidates\’ ability to build physical models and flexibly use physics knowledge to solve practical problems. For example, question 14 uses astronauts floating freely on the \”Tiangong-2\” as a scenario to test students\’ understanding of the nature of weightlessness in space, strengthen the connection with major scientific and technological progress, and enhance the candidates\’ national pride and self-confidence; question 18 applies intelligence The magnetic induction sensor in the mobile phone measures the geomagnetic field. Question 21 is a charged particle detection device used on satellites. Question 22 uses radar speed measurement to create practical life problem situations, stimulate candidates\’ interest in learning physics, and highlight the educational function and value of the college entrance examination. guiding role.

4. Strengthen open inquiry and highlight innovation. The setting and presentation of test questions are more novel, testing candidates\’ innovative awareness and innovative thinking ability. For example, question 15 examines the problem of connected bodies, but breaks the conventional one-dimensional model and expands the examination of the two-dimensional model; question 16 examines the problem of vertical circular motion with restricted conditions, which is a conventional model, but the question breaks the convention and penetrates qualitative and Semi-quantitative analysis method, Candidates are required to analyze step by step through the knowledge and physical abilities they have learned; Question 19: The electric field line distribution of a pair of equal dissimilar charges is the basic model in the textbook, but the model of two pairs of equal dissimilar charges requires students to have strong knowledge comprehensive ability ; Question 19 tests the geomagnetic fieldDistribution and decomposition of magnetic induction intensity, but the establishment of three-dimensional coordinates to solve the problem can guide candidates to know what is happening and why, and avoid the phenomenon of \”rote memorization\” and \”mechanical brushing of questions\”.

The 22nd mechanical experiment tests the use of paper tape method to solve speed and acceleration problems. It requires candidates to flexibly transfer the familiar paper tape processing method of dotting timers. It also tests the candidates\’ ability to use physics professional terminology to express; Question 23 is a modified experiment of the basic experiment in the textbook. It requires candidates to design the experimental circuit schematic diagram and select appropriate equipment based on the purpose of the experiment and the provided experimental equipment, and to infiltrate the subject literacy of scientific inquiry and scientific attitude and responsibility.

The 2022 National College Entrance Examination Paper B physics test questions strengthen the test of candidates\’ memory ability, logical ability, calculation ability, resource integration ability, application ability, and innovation ability, strengthen the connection between teaching and examination, and guide the implementation of teaching to cultivate students\’ core Literacy, help the development of quality education!

Chemistry

Leader of senior high school chemistry lesson preparation team Wang Kai

Compared with last year\’s test paper, this year\’s National B-Scale Science and Comprehensive Chemistry test paper has a stable question type and a significant reduction in calculations. The questions are relatively easy to learn, and the overall difficulty is simpler than the 2021 college entrance examination questions. The details are as follows:

The seventh chemistry and life questions are all simple common sense questions, which are easier for students to learn.

Question 8: Organic Chemistry. The structure of organic matter is relatively simple. Examination of spatial configuration, concepts of homologues, functional groups, and reactions are all common methods.

For question 9, the chemical terminology test has been deleted and the element inference question has been added, but it is not too difficult.

For question 10, the contents of experimental chemistry are all conventional training contents and are relatively easy to get started with.

Question 11 contains a large amount of information on the structure of matter. It requires students to quickly extract useful information, avoid thermogravimetric curves, and use the characteristics of chemical formulas to deduce elements, which is difficult.

Question 12, the electrochemistry question tests lithium batteries. It adds electron and hole information, which is relatively new, but it is easier to solve the question if you understand the information.

Question 13, Equilibrium in Solution, requires less calculations than Paper B in 2021, and the difficulty of the question is significantly lower than last year.

Question 26, a process flow question on the recycling of waste battery lead, is a common question. It is not significantly different from daily training questions and reflects basic skills.

Question 27, a comprehensive experimental question, only tests the synthesis part, routine operations, instrument use, and reaction principles, especially (5) Preventing the rate from being too fast, adding raw materials slowly in batches, and last year\’s test method Almost the same. Quantitative analysis has been omitted and complex calculations have been reduced.

For Question 28, Principles of Chemistry, compared with the 2021 Paper B, a large number of complex calculations have been deleted, the difficulty capacity has been significantly reduced, and the last calculation is slightly more time-consuming.

Question 35, Matter Structure QuestionThe difficulty of the project is basically the same as in 2021. The final empty molar volume calculation, as long as you can understand the concept of the regulations, the calculation amount is smaller than the conventional examination of unit cell density.

Question 36, Basics of Organic Chemistry, isomers are simpler than in 2021, and the design of synthetic routes is also not tested. The difficulty of the selected modules is basically the same.

This year’s test questions have a reasonable difficulty ratio and a relatively high degree of differentiation. The amount of calculation is reduced, the basic equipment is increased, and difficulties such as the design of organic synthesis routes are eliminated. The test questions give full play to the characteristics of chemistry, select test question situations, promote the core values ​​of the subject, optimize the question setting method, and highlight the key abilities to test. The test questions cover a wide range, have moderate capacity, clear levels, and moderate difficulty, and have good selection functions. It should be said that the purpose of cultivating people with moral integrity, serving and selecting talents, and leading teaching has been achieved.

Biology

Leader of senior high school biology lesson preparation team Zhao Jing

The 2022 National Paper B Biology Subject optimizes the presentation of test questions, reduces the phenomenon of rote memorization and mechanical question answering, and highlights the examination of necessary knowledge, key abilities, and subject literacy. It is very It well embodies the basic, comprehensive, applied and innovative nature, serves the implementation of the \”double reduction\” policy, helps improve the quality and efficiency of basic education, and fully embodies the selection function of college entrance examination questions.

1. The test questions penetrate core competencies, flexibly test textbook knowledge, and reflect the basics.

Questions 1, 3, and 5 test students’ understanding of cell division, The understanding of synaptic transmission and community vertical structure emphasizes the importance of cultivating the core literacy of life concept. ; Questions 2, 4, and 6 reflect the scientific thinking literacy by testing students\’ ability to process information; Question 38 uses the COVID-19 epidemic as the proposition material to guide students to deepen their understanding of epidemic prevention measures and focus on cultivating students\’ social responsibility literacy; Question 32 requires candidates to design genetic experiments, focusing on cultivating students\’ scientific inquiry literacy.

2. Relying on new situations, focusing on the test of ability, reflecting comprehensiveness

The test questions are based on the knowledge in the textbook and given new materials Information, requiring candidates to use the knowledge they have learned to answer questions For example, Question 31 sets up a new situation – \”Aerial Photography Method\” to test the sample method and mark re-capture method. It fully tests students\’ knowledge transfer ability, information acquisition ability and comprehensive application ability, etc., and guides students to develop key abilities and Subject literacy and improve the quality of talent selection.

3. The test questions are related to the reality of life, focus on hot topics, and reflect the application.

The college entrance examination emphasizes the application of knowledge, and the use of methods that are close to society and life. materials, encourage students to connect theory with practice, care about practical problems contained in daily life and production activities, and understand the application value of content learned in class; pay attention to content closely related to national economic and social development, scientific and technological progress, and actual production and life, and applyUse knowledge, abilities and qualities to solve practical problems. For example, in question 6, the feather traits of chickens can be used to distinguish the gender of chicks early, which facilitates timely sorting of chicken farms according to production needs to improve the economic benefits of chicken farms; question 29 is formulated based on the relationship between NO₃- and O₂ absorbed by crop roots. Measures to increase production in agricultural production; Question 38 Focusing on the nucleic acid testing and vaccination of the new coronavirus, the basic principles and result analysis of nucleic acid testing will be examined, allowing students to face new task situations, learn from and apply scientists’ research ideas and methods, and propose ideas and plans to solve problems. The examination of social responsibility was also realized.

4. The test questions are more flexible, focus on experimental exploration, and reflect innovation.

The test questions particularly highlight the exploration and analysis of experiments, and stimulate students’ innovation. The requirements for thinking and language expression skills are relatively high, which reflects the characteristics of the biology discipline. For example, questions 2, 4, 6, 29, 30, 31, 32, 37 and 38 of the test paper all involve experimental exploration and analysis, requiring candidates to answer reasonable situations, which increases the flexibility of the test questions and also expands the candidates\’ thinking. .

History

Si Lizhi, leader of the senior high school history preparation team

2022 National College Entrance Examination Comprehensive History The test questions in Paper B focus on highlighting the unique value of the history discipline in educating people, and integrate core values, subject literacy, key abilities and necessary knowledge into an organic whole. At the same time, the test questions as a whole continue the proposition style formed in recent years. The structure of the test papers is relatively stable and the openness of the test questions is enhanced, giving students a sense of familiarity and gain.

1. Adhere to cultivating people with moral integrity, give full play to the orientation of subject education, and highlight the concept of comprehensive development

The history test questions focus on the history of the party and select the period of revolution and construction The specific historical facts of the Communist Party of China’s exploration based on Marxist theory and China’s reality inspire students to understand the power of truth, guide students to establish a correct view of party history, and strengthen their belief in socialism with Chinese characteristics. For example: Question 29: A scholar\’s account of the changes in the \”old and new\” evaluation standards of Chinese society caused by the spread of Marxism; Question 30: The policy adjustments of the Communist Party of China during the Anti-Japanese War; Question 41: The introduction of technology between China and Japan after World War II , Question 47 The narrative that Mao Zedong attaches great importance to the People\’s Congress of all walks of life reflects the requirement of cultivating moral character and cultivating people, and is intended to encourage students to strengthen their self-confidence in the socialist road, theory, system, and culture.

At the same time, the history test questions adhere to the comprehensive evaluation of \”five educations\” of morality, intelligence, physical education, art and labor, and select materials from calligraphy history and other fields to promote students\’ all-round development and healthy growth. For example, question 25 uses the calligraphy style of the prosperous Tang Dynasty to create a scene, which highlights the aesthetic concepts carried by the art of calligraphy, guides students to explore the artistic style and characteristics of traditional Chinese calligraphy works, and cultivates students\’ aesthetic perception.

2. GatheringFocus on key ability test methods and reflect the subject characteristics test direction

The first emphasis is on the test of reading comprehension and information processing abilities. The history test questions focus on relying on different types of historical materials and diversified material examination methods to test the ability to read, filter, classify, summarize, refine and interpret information. For example, question 31 gives the changes in the occupation proportion of male household heads in Beijing suburbs between 1978 and 1986, and requires students to analyze the main reasons for this change. The second focus is on the examination of critical thinking. The history test questions strengthen the test of critical thinking and dialectical thinking abilities by enhancing openness, inquiry and enriching answers. For example, question 42 selects records related to good officials in the Eastern Han Dynasty and tigers in \”Book of the Later Han\” and other historical books, requiring students to discover problems from their own perspective and draw corresponding conclusions.

3. Pay attention to the guiding role of the college entrance examination in middle school history teaching

History test questions focus on basics, comprehensiveness, and application, and do not appear biased, difficult, or Strange question. The test questions cover major historical events, important historical figures and historical development clues, such as ancient Chinese political system, the Anti-Japanese National United Front, Athenian democracy, Shang Yang\’s Reform, etc. It comprehensively examines the relevant content of Chinese history and world history, covering such disciplinary qualities as historical materialism, time and space concepts, historical evidence, historical interpretation, and feelings about family and country. At the same time, it also focuses on the innovative nature of the test questions. For example, the 42nd essay question has novel materials and strong divergent thinking, requiring students to think proactively, discover problems, find patterns, and draw conclusions. In short, we must effectively understand and implement the requirements of college entrance examination evaluation reform, thereby improving daily history teaching.

Politics

Yuan Peng, leader of the senior high school political preparation team

2022 National Paper B Political Examination Paper Questions The gradient setting is reasonable, stable but innovative. By deepening the basic and comprehensive nature, strengthening the examination of key abilities, optimizing the situation setting, strengthening the connection between examination and teaching, and effectively playing the positive guiding role and educating function of the college entrance examination.

The test questions highlight the ideological and political examination, closely follow the major themes of social, political and economic life, implement the fundamental task of cultivating moral character and cultivating people, and have strong leadership. For example, Question 23 of the National Paper B, based on the 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Youth League of China, guides young students to always take the Party’s banner as their banner, the Party’s direction as their direction, and the Party’s will as their will, so that they can listen to the Party’s words and follow the Party’s will. The belief in the Party\’s march has become a conscious pursuit; for example, Questions 20 and 40 of the National Volume B use labor as the material topic to guide students to respect and identify with labor, understand the nobility and greatness of labor, highlight the important value of labor education, and encourage students to persist Realize your own life value in labor.

It emphasizes the integration of knowledge and the compound application of abilities, and plays the guiding role of \”promoting learning through examination\”, which is of strong foundation. Curriculum standards and teaching materials are the fundamental basis for teaching. Strengthening the examination of basic principles reflects the policy orientation and requirements of \”double reduction\”. Such as the national BQuestion 16 of the paper tests the autonomy of the grassroots masses and the democratic rights of citizens. Question 40 (1) tests the knowledge of the \”dialectical relationship between material consciousness\”. The cuts are small and precise, and the questions are not difficult. On the one hand, it tests the students\’ mastery of basic knowledge, and on the other hand, it tests the students\’ thinking level in ideological and political subjects. To do well in this type of test questions requires students to have a solid knowledge foundation and understanding transfer ability, integrate theory with practice, and develop and optimize the core competencies of ideological and political disciplines in realistic problem situations.

Through complex scenario design, the examination of key subject abilities is strengthened and is highly comprehensive. For example, Question 38 of the National Paper B takes the current survival and development of small and medium-sized enterprises in my country as the material background. It has a new situation, real content, multiple angles, and a strong sense of hierarchy in the question setting. From the perspective of knowledge test, this question tests basic knowledge such as the impact of price changes, business operations, market competition, etc., and tests students\’ grasp of the internal connections of comprehensive knowledge; from the perspective of ability test, candidates are required to understand from descriptive explanations PPI and CPI generally show a \”scissors\” change within the It also needs to analyze the operating pressure faced by small and medium-sized enterprises and its causes from different angles, and explain the positive measures that enterprises can take to deal with this pressure. It not only tests the ability to obtain and interpret text information, but also tests analysis and synthesis, induction and Deductive thinking and other abilities, the key ability test directions of the subject are clear.

Related links:

A review of the 2022 Gansu College Entrance Examination Chinese and Mathematics test questions is here!

Text丨Benliu News reporter Wu Yongming

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